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Modernism

For other uses of the word, see Modernism (disambiguation). For the period in sociology beginning with industrialization, see Modernity.
For related terms, see Modern, Contemporary, and Postmodernism.

Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907). This proto-cubist work is considered a seminal influence on subsequent trends in modernist painting.
Frank Lloyd Wright, Solomon Guggenheim Museum completed in 1959[1]

Modernism is a movement that attempts a radical break with previous ideas in art, literature, philosophy, culture, and social organization. It emphasizes experimentation, abstraction, and subjective experience across various disciplines. It emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in response to significant changes in Western culture, including secularization and the growing importance of science. The movement was influenced by widespread technological innovation, industrialization, and urbanization, as well as the particular cultural and geopolitical shifts that occurred after World War 1.[2] Artistic movements and techniques associated with modernism include abstract art, stream of consciousness in literature, cinematic montage, atonal & twelve-tone music, and modern architecture.[3]

The movement is seen as a rejection of nineteenth-century realism and the romantic concept of absolute originality. The avant-garde at the beginning of the twentieth century challenged Romanticism's idea of "creation from nothingness," with its techniques of collage,[4] reprise, incorporation, rewriting, recapitulation, revision, parody[a][b][5], and a critical stance towards Enlightenment rationalism. Another feature of modernism is reflexivity about artistic and social conventions, which led to experimentation that highlighted both how works of art are made and the material from which they have been created.[6] Debate continues about the timeline of modernism, with some scholars arguing that it evolved into late modernism or high modernism.[7] Postmodernism rejects many of the principles of modernism.[8][9][10]

  1. ^ "Modernist architecture: 30 stunning examples". Trendir. 2 September 2016.
  2. ^ "How did WWI reshape the modern world?". USC Today. 9 November 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  3. ^ "What is Modernism?". www.utoledo.edu. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  4. ^ Eco (1990) p. 95
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Childs2000p17 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Gardner, Helen; de la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991). Gardner's Art through the Ages. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 953. ISBN 0-15-503770-6.
  7. ^ Morris Dickstein, "An Outsider to His Own Life", Books, The New York Times, August 3, 1997; Anthony Mellors, Late modernist poetics: From Pound to Prynne.
  8. ^ "Postmodernism: definition of postmodernism". Oxford dictionary (American English) (US). Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2018 – via oxforddictionaries.com.
  9. ^ Ruth Reichl, Cook's November 1989; American Heritage Dictionary's definition of "postmodern"
  10. ^ Mura, Andrea (2012). "The Symbolic Function of Transmodernity". Language and Psychoanalysis. 1 (1): 68–87. doi:10.7565/landp.2012.0005.


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